Maleness or Masculinity

One concept that has been explored thus far is the viewpoint that masculinity can be divorced from being physically male, as described by scholars like Jack Halberstan. If masculinity is defined as a limited number of characteristics that are universally recognized and exhibited in both men and women, then obviously masculinity can be disassociated from the male body. However, when you read about this issue or it is presented in films the examples used are those who have been assigned female at birth but who have adopted the appearance, mannerisms, personal pronouns, and names ascribed to males. When these examples are used, it appears that the authors are describing the performance of maleness rather than a non-male body embracing masculinity, because it would not require any of the above to perform masculinity. Typically, definitions of masculinity incorporate sexual aggression, violence, physical strength, and a lack of emotionality, all of which can be demonstrated without the need to look or be referred to as male. Therefore, when scholars describe attire, mannerisms, and being called him and he, they are describing maleness and not masculinity. The issue is the definition of masculinity. Should it be defined as inward personality traits or defined in line with the outward characteristics of maleness? Does maleness = masculinity? Does the performance of maleness = female masculinity?